Combating the "greenhouse effect" has classic free-rider problems.

Question

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The "greenhouse effect" refers to the warming of the earth's atmosphere due to increased levels of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide. Combating this effect can involve reducing emissions of these gases and/or developing technologies to capture and store them. However, since the benefits of such actions are not confined to those who take them (i.e. the entire planet benefits), there is a classic free-rider problem in which individuals or countries may not have sufficient incentives to take costly actions to combat the "greenhouse effect" because they can enjoy the benefits without incurring the full cost.

Combating the "Greenhouse Effect" Has Classic Free-Rider Problems