A spherical shell of radius 9.0 cm carries a uniform surface charge density σ = 9.0 nC/m². The electric field at r = 16 cm is approximately

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The electric field outside a uniformly charged spherical shell is given by E = (1/(4πε₀)) * (Q/r²), where Q is the total charge. The total charge Q can be found by multiplying the surface charge density σ by the surface area of the sphere (4πr²). Substituting the given values, the electric field at r = 16 cm is approximately 0.32 kN/C.

A Spherical Shell of Radius 9