Besides Cost Constraints, Exporters Often Face Additional Challenges

Besides cost constraints, Exporters often face additional challenges. An example of a nontariff barrier was the former Japanese keiretsu:

A) a nepotistic event that only permitted persons related to the owner to trade with a company.
B) a trading system that made certain that if a Japanese firm was involved in a global trade, the Japanese firm would always benefit financially, and often to the detriment of the other party.
C) a family of companies that joined together to forge semi-permanent ties with suppliers, customers, and distributors. It was difficult to break into the family.
D) a shelter in Tokyo where all trading took place. If the trading partner refused to bring their products to the shelter, it could not successfully trade.