Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity Orne's (1969) "pact of ignorance" shows how validity issues can be hard to resolve because of
A)confounding.
B)demand characteristics.
C)experimenter bias.
D)reactive measurements.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Orne's "pact of ignorance" refers to a situation where participants agree not to reveal their suspicions or knowledge about the experimental hypothesis, in order to avoid interfering with the experimenter's expectations. This can create demand characteristic issues that affect the internal validity of the study. Confounding refers to a situation where the experimental design does not control for extraneous variables that can affect the dependent variable. Experimenter bias refers to situations where the experimenter's expectations influence the results of the study. Reactive measurements refer to situations where the measurement of the dependent variable influences the participant's behavior.