Which of the following causes a shortage of a good?

Question

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A binding price ceiling sets a price below the equilibrium price, which creates excess demand because the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. This excess demand results in a shortage of the good. Choice A, a binding price floor, would create a surplus because the price is above the equilibrium price, and choice C, a tax on the good, would increase the cost of production and shift the supply curve upward, resulting in a higher price and lower quantity traded, but not necessarily a shortage.

Which of the Following Causes a Shortage of a Good