Suppose society consists of four individuals: Andy, Bill, Carl, and David. Andy has $20,000 of income, Bill has $40,000 of income, Carl has $60,000 of income, and David has $80,000 of income. A utilitarian would argue that

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A utilitarian would argue for redistributing income to increase total utility, as the marginal utility of income decreases with higher income. Taking $1 from Carl and giving it to Andy would likely increase total utility because Andy, having less income, would derive more utility from the additional dollar than Carl would lose.

Suppose Society Consists of Four Individuals: Andy, Bill, Carl, and David