The perfectly price-discriminating monopolist achieves resource allocative efficiency, while the single-price monopolist does not.

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A perfectly price-discriminating monopolist charges each consumer their maximum willingness to pay, thus selling up to the point where price equals marginal cost, achieving resource allocative efficiency. In contrast, a single-price monopolist sets a single price above marginal cost for all units sold, resulting in a deadweight loss and not achieving resource allocative efficiency.

The Perfectly Price-Discriminating Monopolist Achieves Resource Allocative Efficiency, While the Single-Price