Shortly after birth, Darren's head began to grow. At age 5, a shunt was placed in his skull to drain fluid. He has seizures, trouble seeing, and is mildly mentally retarded. Darren's most likely diagnosis is

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Hydrocephaly, also known as water on the brain, is a condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, leading to an enlargement of the head. This can lead to increased pressure on the brain, which can result in seizures, vision problems, and cognitive impairment. The placement of a shunt is a common treatment for hydrocephaly. Microcephaly, phenylketonuria, and Turner's syndrome do not typically present with the same symptoms as those described in the scenario.

Shortly After Birth, Darren's Head Began to Grow