In general, each species of fruit fly in the Hawaiian archipelago is restricted to a single island. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that new species formed after a small number of flies colonized each new island. This mechanism of speciation is called

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The founder effect is a mechanism of speciation where a new population is established by a small number of individuals, leading to reduced genetic variation and potentially new species formation, as seen in the fruit flies on different Hawaiian islands.

In General, Each Species of Fruit Fly in the Hawaiian