When Friends Began to Criticize Juan as a "Boozer," Pushing

When friends began to criticize Juan as a "boozer," pushing him out of their social circle, he became bitter and began to drink even more. Juan ended up joining a new group of friends, all of whom are all heavy drinkers. According to Edwin Lemert, this situation illustrates

A) the onset of primary deviance.
B) the onset of secondary deviance.
C) the formation of a deviant subculture.
D) the process of retreatism.