Use of psychophysiological approaches including cortisol, EEG, and fMRI allow researchers to clearly argue for causation

Question

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Psychophysiological approaches like cortisol levels, EEG, and fMRI provide insights into correlations between physiological states and psychological experiences, but they do not establish causation due to the complexity of determining direct cause-and-effect relationships in human behavior and brain function.

Use of Psychophysiological Approaches Including Cortisol, EEG, and FMRI Allow