One of the Tasks of Wildlife Biologists Is to Estimate

One of the tasks of wildlife biologists is to estimate bird populations. One method for doing this is to walk a "transect," typically a long randomly selected rectangle, and count the number of particular species that are seen. During hunting season the biologists wear brightly colored clothes as a protective measure. A theory, known as the "species-confidence hypothesis," predicts that birds may react to these brightly colored clothes. A robin, for example, when confronted with a biologist wearing an orange color may be less afraid than if the biologist were wearing a brown color. The idea is that the orange color gives the robin some "confidence" that the biologist is another (really big!) bird. This is a difficulty because a robin that is less afraid of the biologist may be easier to see and therefore "count" because the robin lets the biologist get closer. This would result in too high an estimate of the robin population. To test this theory a biologist performed a study in her area, wearing a bright orange vest or a brown vest while working. After training herself to accurately estimate distances she indicated on her notes how close the robins would let her get before they flew away (the "approach distance"), using this as a measure of their "confidence." She randomly selected her starting points in each trip through the transects and also carefully noted the weather conditions, specifically the wind speed. (a) What is the explanatory variable (factor) for this experiment? (b) What is the response variable for this experiment? (c) After completing the study the biologist was examining her results and noticed that on those days she wore the brightly-colored vest the wind tended to be of greater velocity. How does this information affect the interpretation of the results of the experiment?