What Was the Cause of the 1973 Oil Embargo Enacted

What was the cause of the 1973 oil embargo enacted by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC) ?

A) OPEC wanted to force increased exploration for petroleum and other energy resources.
B) Arab oil-producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them.
C) Threats of war in the Persian Gulf led to closing off the oil fields for fear that they might be destroyed in the fighting.
D) OPEC states were running low on petroleum reserves and needed to find a way to slow down oil consumption.