Which of the following factors has not been implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease?

Name: Which of the following factors has not been implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease?
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Question

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is primarily associated with autoimmune reactions to bacterial flora in the bowel, environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility. Reactivation of a viral infection has not been widely implicated or established as a direct cause of IBD.

Which of the Following Factors Has Not Been Implicated in the Etiology