When the former Confederate states rejoined the Union after the Civil War, the Republicans and the were roughly even in strength, although the Republicans were more successful in presidential contests.

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After the Civil War, the Democratic Party was the main opposition to the Republicans, especially in the Southern states, which were former Confederate states. The Whigs and Federalists had dissolved earlier, and the Populists and Libertarians were not significant political forces at that time.

When the Former Confederate States Rejoined the Union After the Civil