In Gratz V

In Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) , the Supreme Court held that the undergraduate admissions policy at the University of Michigan violated the equal protection clause because it

A) automatically awarded every "underrepresented" minority applicant one­fifth of the points needed to guarantee admission.
B) failed to take into account an applicant's race or ethnicity.
C) automatically awarded every Michigan resident one-fourth of the points needed to guarantee admission.
D) failed to take into account an applicant's gender.
E) discriminated against "underrepresented" minority applicants.