Question 1

Which one of the following identifies five primary job characteristics, their interrelationships, and their impact on employee productivity, motivation, and satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

The Job Characteristics Model identifies five core job characteristics (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) and explains how they affect employee motivation, satisfaction, and productivity.

Question 2

The job characteristics model (JCM) identifies ________ as the degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.

Accepted Answer

Task significance is defined as the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people. Autonomy refers to the degree of independence and discretion a job provides to an individual, skill variety refers to the range of abilities needed to perform a job, and task identity refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

Question 3

An approach to designing motivating jobs that includes the vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities is ________.

Accepted Answer

Job enrichment is an approach to designing motivating jobs that includes the vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities.

Question 4

Job ________ is vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities.

Accepted Answer

Job enrichment involves adding more meaningful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding or satisfying, which includes planning and evaluating responsibilities.

Question 5

Which expectancy theory linkage explains the belief that having a high grade point average is critical in obtaining a good job?

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality is the belief that performance (such as a high GPA) is related to outcomes (such as obtaining a good job).

Question 6

The research evidence on the use of job enrichment programs could be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Research evidence on job enrichment programs is often mixed, with some studies showing positive outcomes and others showing limited or no effects, leading to an overall inconclusive classification.

Question 7

A ________ is any consequence immediately following a response that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A reinforcer is a consequence that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Question 8

The number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated is ________.

Accepted Answer

The scope of a job refers to the range and variety of tasks performed and how often they are repeated.

Question 9

A theory that suggests that employees compare their inputs and outcomes from a job to the ratio of input to outcomes of relevant others is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory posits that employees assess their job inputs and outcomes relative to others to determine fairness and motivation.

Question 10

The job characteristics model provides guidance to managers concerning ________.

Accepted Answer

The job characteristics model is a framework for designing jobs that enhance employee motivation and satisfaction by focusing on job design elements such as skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

Question 11

Maslow's hierarchy aligns well with employees in ________.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which emphasizes individual achievement and self-actualization, aligns well with the cultural values of the United States, where individualism and personal success are highly valued.

Question 12

________ is the way tasks are combined to form complete jobs.

Accepted Answer

Job design is the process of combining tasks to form complete jobs, focusing on how tasks are structured and organized.

Question 13

The importance that an individual places on a potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Valence or attractiveness of reward refers to the value or importance an individual places on the potential outcome or reward, making it the correct choice.

Question 14

The view that a high achievement need acts as an internal motivator presupposes a willingness to accept a moderate degree of risk and a concern with performance: two cultural characteristics that are relatively absent in ________.

Accepted Answer

Some Arab countries may have cultural norms that do not emphasize moderate risk-taking and performance concerns as much as Western countries, affecting the internal motivation driven by high achievement needs.

Question 15

According to reinforcement theory, rewards are effective if they ________ a desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement theory suggests that rewards are most effective when they follow a desired behavior, as this strengthens the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.

Question 16

One of the first attempts to design jobs horizontally expanded jobs and is known as job ________.

Accepted Answer

Job enlargement is the process of expanding the scope of a job by adding more tasks or responsibilities, which is a horizontal expansion of job roles.

Question 17

________ is the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the degree to which a job provides an individual with freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining the procedures to carry it out.

Question 18

Behavior that is not rewarded, or is punished, is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavior that is not rewarded, or is...

Question 19

________ is the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in an individual's obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.

Accepted Answer

Feedback refers to the degree to which an individual receives clear information about their job performance. It allows them to assess whether they are meeting their goals and can help identify areas requiring improvement. Task significance refers to the extent to which a job has an impact on others or society as a whole, task identity refers to the degree to which a job requires a complete and identifiable set of tasks, and skill variety refers to the degree to which a job requires a range of different activities and skills. While these factors may also contribute to job satisfaction, they do not specifically relate to the ability to assess performance through feedback.

Question 20

In general, the research support for equity theory could be described as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, the research support for equity...

Quiz 15: Motivating Employees