If you are a participant in an experimental study, the procedure that insures that you have an equal chance of being in any group or condition within the experiment is called:

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Random assignment is the procedure used in experiments to ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group or condition, which helps to eliminate bias and ensure that differences between groups are due to the treatment or condition being tested.

If You Are a Participant in an Experimental Study, the Procedure