Jim gets a paper back in his English class and although he thought he did pretty well, he receives an almost failing grade on it. Jim begins to criticize himself (e.g., "I'm such an idiot!") and because his tendency to do so is so habitual and well-learned, he isn't really aware of what he is doing internally. Nonetheless, within a relatively short period of time, Jim is feeling depressed and down. This example best demonstrates how emotional responses are caused by _.

Question

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Jim's emotional response is caused by automatic cognitive appraisals, as he habitually criticizes himself without being fully aware, leading to feelings of depression.

Jim Gets a Paper Back in His English Class and Although