The nurse practitioner and a student are examining the apical pulse of an 82-year-old man.The student perceives that there is an S₄ sound.The nurse practitioner interprets that this is likely:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The description of the sound, likely meant to represent the normal heart sounds "S1" and "S2" with some added characters possibly due to a typographical error, suggests a normal heart sound pattern. In older adults, changes in heart sounds can occur due to the physiological changes in the heart and blood vessels associated with aging, making this interpretation normal for his age.

The Nurse Practitioner and a Student Are Examining the Apical