The Michigan geologic map shows older Precambrian crystalline metamorphic rocks, surrounding Paleozoic marine strata (in roughly circular patterns), surrounding a central core area of Carboniferous rocks. What is this structure?

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This structure is described as a basin, which is a geological depression, often in a roughly circular shape, where layers of rock have sunk downwards relative to the surrounding areas. The description of older rocks surrounding younger ones in a circular pattern is characteristic of a basin structure.

The Michigan Geologic Map Shows Older Precambrian Crystalline Metamorphic Rocks