Studies in which gender is a subject variable are _________, and studies in which gender is a social category are usually _______.

Question

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Studies in which gender is a subject variable are typically ex post facto studies because the researcher does not manipulate gender but rather studies its effects after the fact. Studies in which gender is a social category are usually experimental studies, as researchers may manipulate social situations or contexts to observe how gender as a social category influences behavior or perceptions.

Studies in Which Gender Is a Subject Variable Are _________