Because primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, treatment is based on interfering with the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics treat hypertension because they:

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Thiazide diuretics treat hypertension primarily by depleting body sodium, which leads to a reduction in fluid volume. This decrease in fluid volume lowers the blood pressure by reducing the overall blood volume the heart needs to pump, thus easing the pressure on arterial walls.

Because Primary Hypertension Has No Identifiable Cause, Treatment Is Based