According to the textbook, how did Thailand manage to maintain its independence during the European colonial era?

Question

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Thailand managed to maintain its independence during the European colonial era by undertaking a large-scale push to modernize itself in the European mold. This approach included reforms in government, military, and society that made it less vulnerable to colonization and more acceptable as a sovereign nation among European powers.

According to the Textbook, How Did Thailand Manage to Maintain