Tomkins (1962,1963)suggested that emotions are evolutionarily adaptive and that their expressions are biologically innate and universal to all people regardless of culture or race.This led to the research of Ekman (1972)and Izard (1971)whose theory of emotions suggests that

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Ekman's research identified six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise) that he found to have universal facial expressions across different cultures, supporting the idea that these expressions are biologically innate.

Tomkins (1962,1963)suggested That Emotions Are Evolutionarily Adaptive and That Their