A Study of Persons Attending a Church in a Ghetto

A study of persons attending a church in a ghetto neighborhood in Los Angles reveals that persons who have been members for five years are financially better off than when they joined, whereas a random sample of persons in the neighborhood who belong to no church tended to be about the same or worse off than five years earlier.In this case, religion would appear to

A) cause or effect other behavior.
B) be affected by other variables.
C) be a form of false consciousness.
D) be a matter of elective affinity.