Fermentation in the absence of cells demonstrated that metabolic processes were chemical in nature.

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Fermentation in the absence of cells, also called non-biological fermentation, was first demonstrated by Eduard Buchner in 1897. This experiment showed that the fermentation process is caused by chemical substances or enzymes present in cells, rather than by the cells themselves. This discovery was a significant milestone in the history of biochemistry, as it showed that living organisms are not necessary for certain metabolic processes to occur, and that these processes are purely chemical in nature.

Fermentation in the Absence of Cells Demonstrated That Metabolic Processes