Kok and Fredrickson (2010) assessed people's vagal tone at the beginning and end of a nine-week study, and in between these two assessments they had participants report on their daily experience of positive emotions and the strength of their social connections. The key finding from this study was that:

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Kok and Fredrickson (2010) found that individuals with higher initial vagal tone showed greater increases in social connectedness and positive emotions over time. Additionally, they discovered that increases in social connections and positive emotions over the nine weeks were associated with increases in vagal tone at the end of the study. Therefore, all the statements are correct and reflect the key findings of their research.

Kok and Fredrickson (2010) Assessed People's Vagal Tone at the Beginning