Say the Average Increase in Pay for Non-Union Workers in 2011

Say the average increase in pay for non-union workers in 2011 is 2% across the U.S. If a workers' union successfully negotiates a 3 year collective agreement that provides a 4.5% raise in 2011, and a 4.3% raise in 2013, then the for-profit employer will typically

A) begin to fire its older union workers.
B) replace union workers with non-union workers.
C) curtail expansion of labor as a trade-off.
D) replace union workers with foreign workers.