All of the following are designed to reduce health care expenses for consumers except

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The fee-for-service system is a traditional payment method where providers are reimbursed for each service or procedure they perform, regardless of the outcome or quality of care. This system can lead to overutilization and increased healthcare costs for consumers. HMOs, PPOs, and the DRG payment system are all designed to reduce healthcare expenses for consumers by incentivizing preventative care, promoting cost-effective treatment options, and/or controlling unnecessary medical expenses.

All of the Following Are Designed to Reduce Health Care