If an external cost exists, who bears it in an unregulated, competitive market transaction?

Name: If an external cost exists, who bears it in an unregulated, competitive market transaction?
Brand: Quizplus
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Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

External costs are borne by third parties not directly involved in the transaction, such as the public or the environment, rather than by the producers or consumers directly involved in the market transaction.

If an External Cost Exists, Who Bears It in an Unregulated