Four Surgical Procedures Currently Are Used to Install Pacemakers $\quad$

Four surgical procedures currently are used to install pacemakers. If the patient does not need to return for follow-up surgery, the operation is called a "clear" operation. A heart center wants to
Compare the 4 procedures, and collects the following numbers of patients from their own records: $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$$\text { Procedure }$
$\begin{array}{l|cccc||c} & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { Total } \\\hline \hline \text { Clear } & 27 & 41 & 21 & 7 & 96 \\\text { Return } & 11 & 15 & 9 & 11 & 46 \\\hline \hline \text { Total } & 38 & 56 & 30 & 18 & 142\end{array}$

Which of the following tests will be the most appropriate to find out whether the 4 procedures are equally effective?
a) $\chi ^ { 2 }$ test for difference in proportions.
b) $Z$ test for difference in proportions.
c) One-way ANOVA $F$ test for differences among more than two means
d) Kruskal-Wallis rank Test.