Howard Leventhal and his colleagues (1967)showed one group of smokers a film depicting the ravages of lung cancer,gave another group of smokers a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit smoking,and exposed a third group to both the film and the pamphlets.People in the last group reduced their smoking significantly more than people in the other two groups because

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The group that received both the film and the pamphlet experienced a higher reduction in smoking because they experienced fear arousal from the film and were provided with a means to reduce that fear through the instructions on how to quit smoking in the pamphlet. This suggests that fear-arousing messages may be more effective when combined with a means to address the fear, such as providing information on how to take action to reduce the risk.

Howard Leventhal and His Colleagues (1967)showed One Group of Smokers