According to results of dissonance studies,who is more likely to believe that lying is truly a heinous,unconscionable,and unforgivable act?

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According to dissonance studies, individuals who have made a difficult choice that goes against their self-interest or values are more likely to experience cognitive dissonance and justify their actions by devaluing the alternative. In this case, Mark chose to tell the truth instead of lying, which would make it more likely for him to believe that lying is a heinous, unforgivable act. Julius, who lied despite knowing he should tell the truth, may experience cognitive dissonance and justify his lying behavior. Francis, who may justify his occasional lying behavior, might not find lying as heinous as Mark. Dan, who has always told the truth, might not have a strong opinion on lying as he hasn't been in either position where he has lied or been tempted to lie. Bill, who lies quite often, may not find lying heinous as he already engages in it regularly.

According to Results of Dissonance Studies,who Is More Likely to Believe