If a hypothesis test is conducted for a population mean, a null and alternative hypothesis of the form: H0 : μ = 100 HA : μ ≠ 100 will result in a one-tailed hypothesis test since the sample result can fall in only one tail.

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The given hypotheses form a two-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis (HA : μ ≠ 100) allows for the sample mean to be either greater than or less than 100, thus considering both tails of the distribution.

If a Hypothesis Test Is Conducted for a Population Mean