Tests for adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table.The data will be analyzed to determine if they provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an association
Exists between the treatment (drug or placebo) and the reaction (whether or not headaches
Were experienced). $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Drug } & \text { Placebo } \
\hline \text { Headaches } & 11 & 7 \
\hline \text { No headaches } & 73 & 91 \
\hline
\end{array}$

A) $H _ { 0 }$ : The occurrence of headaches is dependent upon the drug.
$H _ { A }$ : The occurrence of headaches is not dependent upon the drug.
B) $H _ { 0 }$ : The distribution of headaches is different for the drug and the placebo.
$H _ { A }$ : The distribution of headaches is the same for the drug and the placebo.
C) $H _ { 0 }$ : The drug is independent from the occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : The drug is not independent from the occurrence of headaches.
D) $H _ { 0 }$ : There is a relationship between the drug and occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : There is no relationship between the drug and occurrence of headaches.
E) $H _ { 0 }$ : The drug is related to the occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : The drug is not related to the occurrence of headaches.

Question

Tests for adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table.The data will be analyzed to determine if they provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an association
Exists between the treatment (drug or placebo) and the reaction (whether or not headaches
Were experienced). $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Drug } & \text { Placebo } \
\hline \text { Headaches } & 11 & 7 \
\hline \text { No headaches } & 73 & 91 \
\hline
\end{array}$

A) $H _ { 0 }$ : The occurrence of headaches is dependent upon the drug.
$H _ { A }$ : The occurrence of headaches is not dependent upon the drug.
B) $H _ { 0 }$ : The distribution of headaches is different for the drug and the placebo.
$H _ { A }$ : The distribution of headaches is the same for the drug and the placebo.
C) $H _ { 0 }$ : The drug is independent from the occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : The drug is not independent from the occurrence of headaches.
D) $H _ { 0 }$ : There is a relationship between the drug and occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : There is no relationship between the drug and occurrence of headaches.
E) $H _ { 0 }$ : The drug is related to the occurrence of headaches.
$H _ { A }$ : The drug is not related to the occurrence of headaches.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis ($H_0$) typically represents the default or no-effect scenario, which in this context is that there is no association (or independence) between the drug and the occurrence of headaches. The alternative hypothesis ($H_A$) represents the scenario being tested for, which is that there is an association (or dependence) between the drug and headaches. Option C correctly states $H_0$ as the drug being independent from the occurrence of headaches, and $H_A$ as the drug not being independent from the occurrence of headaches, aligning with standard hypothesis testing structure for association tests.

Tests for Adverse Reactions to a New Drug Yielded the Results