The source of heat for the water emitted by black smokers at the mid-ocean ridges comes from:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The heat for the water emitted by black smokers at mid-ocean ridges primarily comes from magma. These hydrothermal vents are located near areas of volcanic activity, where magma heats the surrounding seawater, causing it to circulate through the ocean crust and become superheated before being expelled into the ocean.

The Source of Heat for the Water Emitted by Black