Common Spermicidal Preparations Have a Toxic Effect on Lactobacillus Species

Common spermicidal preparations have a toxic effect on Lactobacillus species and are associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?
A) Use of spermicide must be carefully monitored so that it doesn't inadvertently enter the urinary tract.
B) Lactobacillus can cause urinary tract infections when transferred from the reproductive system to the urinary system.
C) Without the protective coating of Lactobacillus, organisms like E. coli can attach to bladder epithelial cells.
D) Production of spermicidal chemicals must be rigorously controlled to avoid contamination with organisms like E. coli.