You have taken E. coli strain A which has its own plasmids, and mixed it with E. coli B strain without plasmids. E. coli B cells now have plasmids but, in addition, they also carry some genes from E. coli A strain. What has happened is _______.

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The presence of plasmids in E. coli B cells, along with additional genes from E. coli A, suggests that conjugation occurred, specifically involving High-frequency recombination (Hfr) cells from E. coli A. Hfr cells can transfer parts of their chromosome to another cell through a pilus, explaining the transfer of both plasmid and chromosomal genes.

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