Which of the Following Examples Reflects the Wheel-Of-Retailing Concept

Which of the following examples reflects the wheel-of-retailing concept?

A) Akido, started as a retail store for luxury clothing and accessories in Japan, was recently in the news for being acquired by an Italian designer label.
B) Marty's, one of the country's largest retailers, has scaled its operations down and is running as a chain of department stores owing to scarcity of funds.
C) Wills and McCoons, started as a large-scale store retailing upmarket brands, has included local brands and unbranded goods following the recession.
D) Val-You, a chain of retail stores that started with small stores charging modest prices for its products, has become a full-service retail chain with high operating costs and prices.
E) Lee Retailers, a super specialty retail chain stocking fine wines, cheese, and other goods has included a large number of quick-selling processed foods to retain its fast-depleting market share.