To ensure ethical treatment of subjects, universities have:

Question

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Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are committees established by universities and other research institutions in the United States to review and approve research involving human subjects. Their primary role is to ensure that the research complies with ethical standards and federal regulations to protect the rights and welfare of the participants. The American Psychological Association (APA) provides ethical guidelines but does not monitor every study, and while having witnesses during experiments might be a practice in certain contexts, it is not a universal requirement for ensuring ethical treatment.

To Ensure Ethical Treatment of Subjects, Universities Have