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A Clinical Psychologist Recruits a Sample of 144 People Experiencing

Question 62

Multiple Choice

A clinical psychologist recruits a sample of 144 people experiencing anxiety disorders to test the effectiveness of a new therapy.However, 12 of the participants withdraw before the end of the program.Of the remaining 132 participants, 59 were randomly assigned to a control condition in which they received conventional treatment (shown as "Cond.1" below) and 25 of them were assessed to have reduced symptoms after treatment.At the same time, 69 participants were randomly assigned to a condition in which they received the new treatment (shown as "Cond.2") and, of these, 41 were assessed to have reduced symptoms after treatment.The output from a chi-square test (conducted using Preacher's, 2001, online tool) is shown below: A clinical psychologist recruits a sample of 144 people experiencing anxiety disorders to test the effectiveness of a new therapy.However, 12 of the participants withdraw before the end of the program.Of the remaining 132 participants, 59 were randomly assigned to a control condition in which they received conventional treatment (shown as  Cond.1  below) and 25 of them were assessed to have reduced symptoms after treatment.At the same time, 69 participants were randomly assigned to a condition in which they received the new treatment (shown as  Cond.2 ) and, of these, 41 were assessed to have reduced symptoms after treatment.The output from a chi-square test (conducted using Preacher's, 2001, online tool) is shown below:   Which of the following statements is true? A) The unequal sample size is no problem for deciding whether the treatment is effective, the calculation takes account of this. B) The unequal sample size is a concern because it can be a threat to internal validity in the form of a selection by maturation interaction. C) The unequal sample size may be a concern because of a threat to internal validity in the form of differential mortality (e.g., people dropped out of the control condition because they were not receiving treatment) . D) It does not matter whether the research finding is valid because the results were not significant. E) It does not matter whether the research finding is valid because the results were marginally significant. Which of the following statements is true?


A) The unequal sample size is no problem for deciding whether the treatment is effective, the calculation takes account of this.
B) The unequal sample size is a concern because it can be a threat to internal validity in the form of a selection by maturation interaction.
C) The unequal sample size may be a concern because of a threat to internal validity in the form of differential mortality (e.g., people dropped out of the control condition because they were not receiving treatment) .
D) It does not matter whether the research finding is valid because the results were not significant.
E) It does not matter whether the research finding is valid because the results were marginally significant.

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