Question 1

When parents attempt toilet training, the child can gain approval or express rebellion or aggression by "holding on" or by "letting go." Therefore, Freud believed that harsh or lenient toilet training could cause which type of fixation?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that harsh or lenient toilet training could cause anal fixation, in which the individual becomes overly concerned with cleanliness and orderliness or exhibits traits of stubbornness and defiance.

Question 2

According to Freud, the successful resolution of the Oedipal and Electra conflicts ends when the child takes on the values and behaviors of the same-sex parent through a process known as

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the Oedipal and Electra conflicts were resolved through the process of identification, in which the child takes on the values, beliefs, and behaviors of the same-sex parent as a way of reinforcing their gender identity and reducing their attraction to the opposite-sex parent. This process allows the child to internalize the cultural norms and expectations of their gender and develop a sense of identity and self-esteem.

Question 3

If Jonathan identifies with his father, Freud believed he was doing this because of his need to resolve the __________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus conflict, according to Freud, is a psychological complex that involves a child's unconscious sexual desire for their opposite-sex parent and a desire to eliminate their same-sex parent as a romantic rival. Freud believed that the successful resolution of the Oedipus conflict was vital in healthy psychosexual development, and failure to resolve it could lead to psychological problems later in life. Identifying with the same-sex parent is one way that a child can resolve this conflict.

Question 4

In an old movie, there were two friends who were always at odds with each other because one was compulsively neat and orderly, while his friend was extremely messy and disorganized.According to Freud, both men were fixated in the __________stage.

Accepted Answer

The conflict between the two friends suggests fixation in the anal stage, where the key developmental task is toilet training and establishing control over bodily functions. The neat and orderly friend may have overemphasized cleanliness and organization during this stage, while the messy friend may have resisted authority and control.

Question 5

The messy and disorderly person was described by Freud as being an __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Freud described the messy and disorderly person as having an anal-expulsive personality, which is characterized by a lack of self-control and a tendency towards messiness, stemming from the anal stage of psychosexual development.

Question 6

According to Freud, a male child's failure to resolve the Oedipal conflict would interfere with the development of a

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud, a male child's failure...

Question 7

Freud believed that a male preschool child felt threatened by his father because he was afraid the father would

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus complex involves a male child's unconscious desire for his mother and his fear of castration by his father as punishment for these desires. The child resolves this conflict by identifying with the same-sex parent and incorporating their values and beliefs into his own personality. Therefore, in this context, the most appropriate choice is B) castrate him.

Question 8

The overly neat and orderly person was described by Freud as being a(n)__________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The term "anal-retentive" refers to a personality type that is excessively neat, organized, and focused on orderliness and control. Freud believed that this personality type developed during the anal stage of psychosexual development, when a child learns to control their bowel movements. Those who are overly fixated on this stage may develop an "anal-retentive" personality in adulthood.

Question 9

Between the ages of three and six, fixation at which of the following stages can lead to adulthood traits of vanity, exhibitionism, and narcissism, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, fixation at the phallic stage, which occurs between the ages of three and six, can lead to adulthood traits of vanity, exhibitionism, and narcissism. This stage is characterized by the child's sexual interest and attachment to the opposite-sex parent, which can lead to feelings of competition or jealousy towards the same-sex parent. Failure to resolve this conflict and move on to the next stage can result in fixation and the development of these personality traits.

Question 10

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the Oedipus conflict occurs during the phallic stage for boys, while the Electra conflict occurs during the same stage for girls. During this stage, children become aware of their gender and sexual differences and develop sexual desires towards their opposite-sex parent and see their same-sex parent as a rival for the affection of the opposite-sex parent.

Question 11

Your roommate is constantly cleaning your apartment and picking up after you, even though you're not really very messy.Whenever you ask to borrow one of his books or CDs, he usually refuses and only agrees reluctantly, needing to make sure that you don't bend or break anything.According to Freud, your roommate is

Accepted Answer

Your roommate's behavior of constantly cleaning and being overly cautious about his possessions suggests a fixation in the anal stage of psychosexual development, specifically the anal-retentive type. This stage involves a child's focus on controlling their bowel movements, which can later manifest in being controlling and orderly in their personality.

Question 12

In Freudian theory, which of the following terms refers to a preschool boy's attraction to his mother and feelings of rivalry with his father?

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus conflict, named after the Greek mythological character, refers to a preschool boy's unconscious sexual attraction to his mother and feelings of rivalry with his father. This is a central concept in Freudian theory, which suggests that resolution of this conflict is necessary for healthy psychological development. The Electra conflict is a similar concept, but applies to girls and their relationship with their father. Phallic incongruence and the genital stage are related to Freudian theory, but not specifically to this aspect of psychosexual development.

Question 13

Paul is so disorganized that his room looks like a tornado went through it.When he gets angry, he often breaks objects and can be very cruel to others.According to Freud, Paul has an __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Paul's behaviors suggest an anal-expulsive personality, according to Freudian theory. This personality type is characterized by a lack of self-control, messiness, and destructive behavior, which aligns with Paul's disorganized room and tendency to break objects when angry.

Question 14

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men is best understood as a reflection of

Accepted Answer

Freud developed his theories during a time when men held most of the power in society and traditional gender roles were highly valued. His belief that women did not develop a strong conscience is likely influenced by sexist attitudes prevailing in his time.

Question 15

When a preschool girl competes with her mother for her father's affection, Freud said that the little girl was experiencing

Accepted Answer

The Electra conflict refers specifically to the psychosexual conflict that Freud believed girls experience during the phallic stage of development, when they become sexually attracted to their fathers and jealous of their mothers. This is in contrast to the Oedipus conflict, which Freud believed boys experience during the same stage. Incongruence and the genital stage are not directly related to this issue.

Question 16

Phyllis tends to wear very revealing clothing, spends a great deal of time on her appearance, is constantly "fishing" for compliments, and is easily hurt if someone does not compliment her beauty and fashion sense on a daily basis.According to Freud, Phyllis was fixated at the

Accepted Answer

Phyllis's behavior is consistent with the characteristics of fixation at the phallic stage, during which the primary focus of pleasure is on the genital area and the child's unconscious desires are centered around the opposite-sex parent. The behavior described suggest an excessive preoccupation with her appearance and a need for attention, validation, and admiration from others, which could be related to unresolved conflicts or frustrations from this stage.

Question 17

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men

Accepted Answer

Freud's belief regarding women's conscience development is indeed a reflection of his time's gender biases, has been rejected by contemporary psychology, and stems from his theories on the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Thus, all provided statements contribute to explaining his viewpoint.

Question 18

Jarrod is described as a super "neat-freak" and a cheapskate.He drives his roommate crazy lining up his books on the shelves and his toiletries in the bathroom.Jarrod gets very upset if anyone rearranges anything or makes a mess.According to Freud, Jarrod has an __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Jarrod's behavior of being overly concerned with tidiness and being upset with any change indicates that he has an anal-retentive personality, which is characterized by excessive orderliness, perfectionism, and an obstinate need for control.

Question 19

According to Freud, because they already feel castrated, females are less driven to identify with their mothers than boys are with their fathers.Because of this, females are less effective in creating

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that females experience castration anxiety as a result of realizing they lack a penis, which leads to a weaker identification with their mothers. As a result, females may struggle to develop a strong sense of morality and a superego, which leads to a weaker conscience. Therefore, the best answer is C - a conscience.

Question 20

The normal development of a male locked in an Oedipal rivalry would be expected to occur when

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex occurs during the phallic stage (ages 3-6), where the child develops sexual desires for the opposite sex parent and hostility towards the same sex parent. The resolution of this complex occurs when the child identifies with their same-sex parent and internalizes their values, creating the superego. Therefore, the normal development of a male locked in an Oedipal rivalry would be to identify with his father and accept his values, as described in choice C.

Quiz 12: Personality.