An African-American Woman Who Wanted to Ease Racial Tensions Took

An African-American woman who wanted to ease racial tensions took a freshly baked pie to her neighbors across the way, who were Orthodox Jews.At the front door the woman extended her hand, not knowing that Orthodox Jews don't shake women's hands, unless the woman is a close family member.The African-American woman also picked up a kitchen knife to cut the pie, not knowing the couple kept a kosher household and used different knives for different foods.The woman's well-intentioned attempt at neighborliness ended in an argument, which could have been prevented through

A) knowledge of different cultural values and practices.
B) controlled social competition.
C) the development of more just-world beliefs.
D) all of these.