Half the female participants were told that males typically did better than females on the math test they were about to take,and the other half were told that the test did not produce gender differences. The first group scored lower on the test than did the second group. These results are explained by a phenomenon called:

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The results are explained by stereotype threat, which refers to the negative impact of stereotypes on performance. When women were told that males typically do better on the math test, it activated the stereotype that women are not as good at math, leading them to perform worse on the test compared to women who were not given this stereotype.

Half the Female Participants Were Told That Males Typically Did