When May a Defendant Be Held Liable for Vicarious Copyright

When may a defendant be held liable for vicarious copyright liability?

A) So long as it can be shown that the defendant has the right and ability to control the infringer's acts.
B) So long as it can be shown that the defendant receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement.
C) When he defendant has the right and ability to control the infringer's acts and receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement.
D) Never because vicarious copyright liability is not recognized.