When a participant cannot give informed consent, such as in the case of a participant with advanced Alzheimer's disease, then a family member may give consent.

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If the participant cannot give informed consent due to cognitive impairment or other reasons, then a surrogate decision maker, such as a family member or legal guardian, may give consent on their behalf. This is done to protect the autonomy and best interests of the participant. However, it is important to obtain informed consent from the surrogate decision maker and ensure that they understand the risks and benefits of the research.

When a Participant Cannot Give Informed Consent, Such as in the Case