Confounding refers to:
A) any situation in which one cannot determine which of two or more effects is responsible for the behaviors being observed.
B) any situation in which one can determine which of two or more effects is responsible for the behaviors being observed.
C) any situation in which one cannot determine the behaviors being observed.
D) effects that are responsible for the behaviors being observed.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Confounding occurs when there is a third variable that is affecting both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to determine which variable is responsible for the observed behavior. Option A accurately describes this phenomenon. Option B is incorrect as confounding specifically makes it hard to determine which effect is responsible. Option C is too vague and option D is only partially correct, as confounding effects are responsible but not the only effects influencing observed behaviors.

Confounding Refers To