______ significance in an efficacy or effectiveness study refers to how two groups differ in real-world terms. It answers the question, "Is there a meaningful difference between the groups?"

Question

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Clinical significance is concerned with the practical importance or meaningfulness of the study results, while statistical significance only refers to the probability that the observed difference between the groups occurred by chance. Therefore, in evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention, it is important to consider both statistical and clinical significance to determine if the observed difference is important enough to be relevant for patients or clinicians. Theoretical significance and control have different meanings and are not directly related to this concept.

______ Significance in an Efficacy or Effectiveness Study Refers to How