Bartlett (1932) argued that people commonly make use of expectation-shaping packets of knowledge stored in long-term memory, known as:

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Bartlett's concept of expectation-shaping packets of knowledge in long-term memory is known as schemas. He proposed that when encountering new information or experiences, people try to make sense of them by matching them to existing schemas, which can lead to both accurate and inaccurate understandings of the new information.

Bartlett (1932) Argued That People Commonly Make Use of Expectation-Shaping